Programming Cheatsheet

Command Line for Unix and Windows

Action	Unix	Windows	Notes
Print working directory	pwd	pwd
Change directory	cd	cd
Make directory	mkdir
List contents	ls	dir	-a to include hidden files
Remove directory	rmdir		Only works if directory is empty
Remove directory and contents	rm -rf
Create file	touch
Remove file	rm

Docker

Action	Command	Notes
List images	docker image ls
List running containers	docker ps
List all containers	docker ps -a
Remove all docker things	docker system prune
Remove unused images	docker image prune
Remove non running containers	docker container prune
Get output from container	docker logs
Start a stopped container	docker start <container_id>
Stop container with SIGTERM	docker stop <container_id>
Stop container with SIGKILL	docker kill <container_id>
Run extra commands inside container	docker exec -it <container_id> <command>	-i makes stuff you type get set to the STDIN and back from the STDOUT and STDERR processes. -t makes it get show up on your screen in nicely formatted way
Copy file into container	docker cp <path> <container_id:path>

tmux

Remember shift key for lots of the characters in these commands

Action	Command	Notes
Install	sudo apt install tmux
Create new pane to the right	Ctrl+b %
Start	tmux
Create new pane below	Ctrl+b "
Navigate between panes	Ctrl+b → Ctrl+b ← Ctrl+b ↑ Ctrl+b ↓
Close current pane	exit
Create new window	Ctrl+b c
Switch to window by number	Ctrl+b [WINDOW NUMBER]
Rename current window	Ctrl+b , + [NEW NAME] + Enter
Close window	exit when there is only one pane left
Detach session	Ctrl+b d
List background sessions	tmux ls
Attach to session	tmux attach -t [SESSION NAME]
Rename session	tmux rename-session -t [CURRENT NAME] [NEW NAME]	name is 0, 1, etc by defualt.
Create new session	tmux new -s [SESSION NAME]	tmux names it after next number
Delete session	tmux kill-session -t [SESSION NAME]
Enter scroll mode in pane	Ctrl+b [	q to quit mode

Unix

Various Linux and/or MacOS things that I find myself forgetting how to do a lot

Commands

Action	Command	Notes
Add a directory to start of your PATH	export PATH=<DIRECTORY>:$PATH
Get the size of of a directory	du -sh <DIRECTORY>	See more
Change the ownership of a directory	sudo chown -R <username> <path>
Add new user	adduser <username>
Delete a user	sudo deluser --remove-home <username>
Add higher privileges	usermod -aG sudo <username>

Excel

Action	Mac	Windows	Notes
Go to first cell	Ctrl+home	Ctrl+home	On a MacOS laptop this means Ctrl+fn+left arrow. On a desktop keyboard there are home up and down arrows

Visual Studio Code

Shortcut	Description
shift+alt+arrow	Duplicate the line the cursor is on
cmd+alt+arrow	New cursor on line below or above current cursor
cmd+shift+L	Cursors on every occurance of highlighted text
cmd+g	Move cursor to next occurance of highlighted text
cmd+d	Highlight next occurance of highlighted text as well
ctrl+`	Open integrated terminal pane

Python

F Strings

Input	Output
f"{'text':10}"	"text\\\\\" (\ = whitespace)
f"{"test":#>10}"	"######test"
f"{"test":#<10}"	"test######"
f"{"test":#^10}"	"###test###"
f"{12345:0>10}"	"0000012345"
f"{-12345:0=10}"	"-000012345"
f"{12345:010}"	"0000012345"
f"{-12345:010}"	"-000012345"
f"{math.pi:.2f}"	"3.14"
f"{1000000:,.2f}"	"1,000,000.00"
f"{1000000:\_.2f}"	"1_000_000.00"
f"{12345:+}"	"+12345"
f"{-12345:+}"	"-12345"
f"{-12345:+10}"	"\\\\\-12345" (\ = whitespace)
f"{-12345:+010}"	"-000012345"
f"{10:b}"	"1010"
f"{10:o}"	"12"
f"{200:x}"	"c8"
f"{200:X}"	"C8"
f"{345600000000:e}"	"3.456000e+11"
f"{65:c}"	"A" (ASCII value)
f"{10:#b}"	"0b1010"
f"{10:#o}"	"0o12"
f"{10:#x}"	"0xa"
f"{0.25:0%}"	"25.000000%"
f"{0.25:.0%}"	"25%"